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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing?
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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing (1998)(Marshall Media)[Mac-PC].iso
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00220_Field_frep41.txt
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1996-12-30
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This leaves unsettled the
part that type 1 cells play in
color vision--if they play any
part at all. These are the most
common cells in the lateral
geniculate body, and they
supply the lion's share of the
input to the visual cortex. Their
obvious color coding makes it
easy to lose sight of the fact
that they are beautifully
organized to respond to light-
dark contours, which they do
with great precision. Indeed, in
the fovea, where their centers
are fed by one cone only, they
have no choice but to be color-
coded. (The mystery is why the
surround should be supplied by
a single, different, cone type; it
would seem more reasonable for
the surrounds to be broad-
band.) Given this massively
color-coded input it is
astonishing that interblob cells
in the cortex show so little
interest in color. The few
exceptions respond to red slits
but not to white ones, and are
thus clearly color coded. For
the most part it would seem that
the information on wavelength
carried by type 1 cells is pooled,
and the information about color
lost. In one sense, however, it
is not discarded completely. In
Freiburg, in 1979, J├╝rgen
Kr├╝ger and Peter Gouras showed
that cortical cells often
respond to lines formed by
appropriately oriented red-
green (or orange-green) borders
at all relative intensities of red
and green. A truly color blind
cell, like a color blind person,
should be insensitive to the
border at the ratio of
intensities to which the cones
respond equally. These cells
presumably use the type 1 color
information to allow contours
of equal luminance to be visible
by virtue of wavelength
differences alone--of obvious
value in defeating attempts at
camouflage by predators or prey.
The recognition of colors as
such would thus seem to be an
ability distinct from the ability
to detect color borders, and to
require a separate pathway
consisting of type 2 cells and
color-opponent blob cells. Our
tendency to think of color and
form as separate aspects of
perception thus has its
counterpart in the physical
segregation of blobs and
nonblob regions in the primary
visual cortex. Beyond the
striate cortex the segregation is
perpetuated, in visual area 2
and even beyond that. We do not
know where, or if, they
combine.